How to choose software for certain types of 3D modelling
In recent times, 3D modeling has become widespread among the general public. There is a growing interest in understanding and learning 3D modeling. It has long been no longer just a branch of constructors and designers, although they still represent the largest part of experts. This is primarily due to the relatively easy availability of 3D printers today, which almost everyone can have at home. But you need a 3D model for the printer. The expanding popularity of 3D printing is evidenced by the millions of 3D models available for free on dozens of repositories .
For 3D modeling, special programs are used that allow designers to create realistic computer models of various parts and assemblies. This is based on a complex mathematical and physical recalculation that creates three-dimensional presentations of the shapes and surfaces of the models. The resulting models can then be printed on a 3D printer, we can call them a 3D prototype.
3D models are used for testing and prototyping
Models are used for prototyping because we can test a large number of variously complex simulations on them, often at the level of 3D modeling software. Alternatively, after printing the prototype. In this way, a large number of errors and other shortcomings of the product can be detected, even before the first full-fledged physical model is created. Thanks to prototyping, it is possible to test much faster and cheaper - it is called rapid prototyping.
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CAD software and its huge advantage
It does not matter whether it is geometric modeling of lines and shapes, surface, rather aesthetic modeling, or the creation of sculptures. Software for 3D modeling, so-called CAD programs, have brought one wonderful thing that will make the creation process much easier for you - parametrization. In this way, the parameters are simply saved at each stage of the process, during each modification, and whenever it is possible to easily edit them, return them to their original values, etc. As well as retrograde. It allows you to make really quick changes without having to start over.
CAD software for 3D modeling
On the other hand, each type of CAD modeling software has its advantages and disadvantages. It is therefore good to be able to choose the right modeling tool, according to the type of design being prepared. For example, complex systems often require the connection of, for example, geometric and surface modeling. There are many different programs designed for 3D modeling, we have selected for you a few of the most popular ones that are definitely worth trying. It is mainly Solidworks, Rhino, AutoCAD, Inventor or Fusion 360.
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Parametric geometric modeling
Parametric modeling creates 3D models using a specific procedure. Sometimes it can be close to the production of real parts, where the logical work process that would be used in the case of the production of the actual physical model is followed. For example, similar actions are used, such as drilling, thread cutting and others. The modeled objects can then stand freely, but they can also be part of complex construction solutions - for example, an engine.
It is assembly modeling that is important in many areas. After assembling the individual free-standing parts together into an assembly, a complex model is created that can be examined on multiple pages. For example, moving fasteners in the form of bearings can be thoroughly analyzed from a mechanical point of view and the model optimized with regard to the mechanical performance of the final solution.
- Solidworks represents one of the most popular CAD software for modeling components and assemblies. It also enables complex simulations. (file type: .sldprt)
- AutoCAD is another tool for creating 3D prototypes, it allows you to create both 2D and 3D models and is used mainly in industry. (file type: .dwt .dwg)
- Inventor is very similar to Solidworks, it allows 3D modeling as well as various simulations and such. (file type: .ipt .iam .idw)
Surface modeling
As the type of modeling itself already suggests, it will primarily be about the creation of surfaces and, overall, more about the aesthetic side of the product. Surface modeling is often simpler than geometric modeling, but also usually less accurate. Surface modeling of 3D prototypes only creates a kind of shell without a solid interior, which is then filled if the model has enough interconnected closed components. The model can be used for 3D printing without any problem. The disadvantage is that with surface modeling it is more difficult to make changes and return to previous adjustments.
- Rhino allows multipurpose free modeling of surfaces as well as organic shapes. (file type: .3dm)
Organic modeling (sculpting)
Organic modeling of free forms is again a completely different system and work process. Organic modeling is used to create more complex shapes without clear geometry, for example, it models figures, animals, plants, rock formations and other, especially natural shapes. The most commonly used programs are Pixologic's ZBrush or Autodesk's Mudbox, which were created just for organic 3D modeling, inspired by classical sculpture.
The creation of 3D models in these programs is very similar to the procedure of a classic sculptor. You can start with a rough shape, which you gradually use various tools to trim, punch, smooth, etc. Graphics tablets and touch monitors are especially ideal for this. It is with the help of these tools that 3D sculptors eventually create organic 3D models that, for example, move on a movie screen.
- Fusion 360 was especially popular with designers. It is again similar to the most popular Solidworks, but it allows comfortable and organic modeling. A big advantage is that the license is free for students and startups.